Introduction of Computer

May 1, 2017
3 min read

A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out an arbitrary set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. The ability of computers to follow generalized sequences of operations, called programs, enable them to perform a wide range of tasks.

Fundamentals Of Computers :Types of Computer ; There are four (4) types of computer.

> Micro Computer

> Mini Computer

> Main frame Computer (Centralized Server)

>Super Computer ( Scientific Research Server)

From user ---> [Input]--->[Memory]--->[Output]--->[To user desired Result]

| ALU

[CU]<--->[AR | LO]

ALU : Arithmetic Logic Unit

[ Block Diagram]

Instruction : Any executable command is called instruction.

Program : Collection of Instruction are called as program.

Software : Collection of program is called as software.

The software which are required for the running computer called software.

Memory :

Processor : A processor is the logic circuit that responds to and process the basic instruction's that computer drive.

Memory : Memory is a strong area which is used to store the data and retrieve the data whenever it required.

RAM communicate to the processor directly. Where HDD communicate to the processor indirectly that's why its called secondary.

PROCESSOR :

IC : Integrated Circuit

Voltage : 1.2 - 2.5V

Speed : 66MHZ - 3.8GHZ

FSB : 66MHZ - 1333MHZ (1.8GHZ)

L.2 CACHE = 256KB

Processor

CISC : Complex Instruction set computing

RISC : Reduce Instruction set computing

The way of attaching the processor is with the mother board is called as packaging.

Packaging

PGA : Pin grid array

LGA : Land grind array

Socket : The connector through which connector the processor with motherboard socket.

PGA :

LGA :

PGA -> 370, 478 LGA -> 775, 115, 1156, 1366

Process Installation are two types ;

Zero Installation Force [LGA]

LOW Installation Force [PGA]

Heat sink is used to protect the processor from over heating.

Heat sink are two (2) types

ACTIVE HEAT SINK

PASSIVE HEAT SINK

PS/2 : Personal standard : 6 pin (Female)

DB25 : D Base 25 (Obsolete)

Pin : 25, Female connection pin

LPT :Line print terminal.It is the usual designation for a parallel port connection to a printer or other device on a personal computer.

DB9 : The term "DB9" refers to a common connector type, one of the D-Sub miniature or D-Sub types of connectors. DB9 has the smallest "footprint" of the D-Sub miniature connectors, and houses 9 pins (for the male connector) or 9 holes (for the female connector).

DB15 : Technically, no, it is different. DB15 is wider and has 15 pins in two rows of 7 and 8, while VGA, HD15 or DE15 (names are interchangeable) is a smaller connector that has 3 rows of 5. However, some devices and manuals will inaccurately label VGA connectors as DB15's.

RJ45 : Registered Jack 45 (RJ45) is a standard type of physical connector for network cables. RJ45 connectors are most commonly seen with Ethernet cables and networks.

RJ45 plugs feature eight (8) pins to which the wire strands of a cable interface electrically. Each plug has eight locations (positions), spaced about 1 mm apart, into which individual wires are inserted using special cable crimping tools.The industry calls this type of connector 8P8C (Eight Position, Eight Contact).

USB : Universal Serial Bus (USB) connects more than computers and peripherals. It has the power to connect you with a whole new world of PC experiences.

Power Supply : A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another. As a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some power supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas others are built into larger devices along with their loads. Examples of the latter include power supplies found in desktop computers and consumer electronics devices.

Booting : Process of loading OS file from secondary memory of RAM & provided men informed is called as booting.

BIOS : Basic Input Output System

POST : Power On Self Test

DIMM : Dual In Line Memory Module